
Engineers who worked on the solid rocket booster had documented concerns for years about the integrity of the seals which contained the extremely flammable fuel in the boosters. Specifically, there were repeated alarms about the O-rings which were responsible for the seal. Contract engineers, as well as some staff who worked within NASA, had maintained there needed to be a complete redesign of the seal. But NASA was dependent on the national government for funding, and this entailed significant political pressure within the organization to maintain a rigorous flight schedule with the space shuttle program. They did not think they could afford to ground the fleet.
The launch of Challenger, which was scheduled for late January in 1986, was delayed by thunderstorms around Cape Canaveral and then further threatened by a snap of sub-freezing temperatures. As was routine, a team of NASA managers conducted a flight readiness review to ensure that the launch could move forward. Because of the unusual cold weather, this involved meeting with the contractors who were responsible for the manufacture of the different systems within the space shuttle to ensure the mission was safe to proceed. The company, Morton Thiakol, was responsible for making the solid rocket booster.
The engineers at Thiakol overwhelmingly recommended that the launch be delayed because of the cold weather. In response, the Project Manager at Marshall Space Flight Center responded: "Good God, Thiokol! When do you want me to launch, next April?" After further deliberation, the managers at Thiokol overruled the engineers and gave approval for the launch.
An inquiry into the Challenger explosion by the Rogers Commission released a report which indicated the explosion was the result of a bad seal in the solid rocker booster, as well as a flawed decision making process which did not maintain the necessary safe guards for a successful and safe shuttle program. NASA executives felt political pressure from Congress to keep the shuttle missions on schedule. That pressure was felt by the program managers, and it also trickled down to the contractors.
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